Every year in Québec, municipal authorities receive dozens of reports of landslides and ground movement. Landslides occur most often in spring and fall, in clayey soils (clay) and along streams. Their frequency can increase during extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall. 

They may be caused by the following factors:   

  • Erosion at the bottom of embankments (slopes)
  • Heavy and prolonged rain
  • Rapid snowmelt
  • Slope angles
  • Certain soil properties (e.g., clayey, sandy)
  • Backfilling, excavation, drainage or tree removal 

Preparing for landslides

Be ready to respond quickly by having an updated household emergency plan and an emergency kit for home

Learn about the risk of landslides in your area on the landslide hazard map (in French only).

Contact your municipality if your home is in a high-risk area before undertaking work that could increase ground instability, including the following:

  • Backfilling (to bring a mass of material and compact it to create an elevation, level a ground, fill a cavity)
  • Putting in an above-ground pool
  • Storing materials near the top of a slope
  • Undercutting an embankment (excavation of land to level a yard or expand a courtyard)
  • Digging out the bottom of an embankment to put in a shed or an in-ground pool
  • Allowing water to drain at the top of a slope or onto an embankment, for example, to drain a pool or aim a roof downspout

Report anything suspicious that happens on your lot to municipal authorities—things like cracking or bulging on a slope, slumping, or unusual water seepage from a slope.

Be ready to respond quickly by having an updated household emergency plan and an emergency kit for home. 

Safety guidelines when a landslide occurs

What to do if your home has been damaged

Evacuate your home if it’s been damaged, if you’re in danger or if you’re instructed to do so by authorities. If you don’t know where to go, contact your municipality. For more details, see Evacuate your home

If you’re indoors  

  • Go to the end of your home opposite the approaching landslide and crouch down under a solid piece of furniture.
  • Find something solidly attached and hold on to it firmly until all movement stops.

If you’re outdoors  

  • Get out of the path of the landslide right away. Stay clear of the banks of streams, trees, power lines and power poles.
  • Don’t go near slide area. The ground may still be unstable.

If you’re driving    

  • Watch out for collapsed pavement and other signs of possible road damage from sliding mud, rocks or other debris.   

Returning to normal after a landslide

Stay away from the landslide area until the authorities say it’s safe.  Stay away as well from damaged public utilities like gas lines and electrical infrastructure.  

If the authorities allow it and it’s safe to do so, you can return to your home. Go back during the day so that problems and hazards will be easier to see. 

Make a list of the damage and take pictures or video as documentation. Notify your municipality, insurance company and mortgage holder. Keep all your receipts and proofs of purchase for damaged property in case you need them for claims. 

Keep an eye on how you and your loved ones are responding. Watch for the following:

  • Anxiety, distress or frequent crying
  • Apathy or lack of energy
  • Aggressiveness
  • Difficulty concentrating or confusion
  • Increased use of alcohol or drugs

Help is available. Professional social and psychological workers are available to provide support and counselling or refer you to the resources you or your loved ones need. Call Info-Social by dialling 811 and selecting option 2 to talk to one of them. It’s free, confidential and available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

For more information on what happens to people after a disaster and how to get help, see the Getting better following a disaster webpage. 

Financial assistance

See the list of eligible disasters (in French only) and the general financial assistance program webpage. 

Last update: December 27, 2019

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